Closing the loop is an automated technique defined as completing “the cycle of system design, deployment, data analysis, and discovery leading back to design” (Liu & Koedinger, 2017). It enables automated detection and intervention if needed, which can be considered a form of feedback. It also allows educators to modify the course content or even create a personalized curriculum or course plan based on the student activity and performance. Consequently, this improves the learning outcomes (Liu & Koedinger, 2017). For instance, Lawson, Beer, Rossi, Moore, and Fleming (2016) elaborated o...